Simulation of B Cell Affinity Maturation Explains Enhanced Antibody Cross-Reactivity Induced by the Polyvalent Malaria Vaccine AMA1

Simulation of B cell affinity maturation explains enhanced antibody cross-reactivity induced by the polyvalent malaria vaccine AMA1.

Polyvalent vaccines use a mixture of Ags representing distinct pathogen strains to induce an immune response that is cross-reactive and protective. However, such approaches often have mixed results, and it is unclear how polyvalency alters the fine specificity of the Ab response and what those consequences might be for protection. In this article, we present a coarse-grain theoretical model of ...

Malaria Vaccine AMA1 Cross-Reactivity Induced by the Polyvalent Explains Enhanced Antibody Simulation of B Cell Affinity Maturation

Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity

Dengue viruses (DENV) cause countless human deaths each year, whilst West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged as an important human pathogen. There are currently no WNV or DENV vaccines licensed for human use, yet vaccines exist against other flaviviruses. To investigate flavivirus cross-reactivity, sera from a human cohort with a history of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV),...

Ofatumumab Monoclonal Antibody Affinity Maturation Through in silico Modeling

Background: Ofatumumab, an anti-CD20 mAb, was approved in 2009 for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This mAb acts through immune-mediated mechanisms, in particular complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by natural killer cells as well as antibody-dependent phagocytosis by macrophages. Apoptosis induction is another mechanism of this antibody...

B cell selection and affinity maturation during an antibody response in the mouse with limited B cell diversity.

The quasi-monoclonal mouse has limited B cell diversity, whose major (approximately 80%) B cell Ag receptors are comprised of the knockin V(H) 17.2.25 (V(H)T)-encoded H chain and the lambda1 or lambda2 L chain, thereby being specific for 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl. The p-nitrophenylacetyl (pNP) was found to be a low affinity analog of nitrophenylacetyl. We examined affinity maturation of ant...